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atmel led drivers msl2160/msl2161 16-string, white and rgb led drivers with adaptive configuration, eeprom, and spi/i 2 c/smbus serial interface datasheet brief
2 atmel led drivers-msl2160/msl2161 the msl2160 features a 20mhz spi bus, and the msl2161 offers a 1mhz i 2 c serial interface. both interfaces support video frame-by-frame led string intensity control for up to eight interconnected devices, allowing active area dimming and phase shifted pwm dimming for improved performance. both devices include an advanced pwm engine that synchronizes pwm dimming to the video signal for reduced motion blur and waterfall noise. the msl2160/1 adaptively controls the dc-dc converters that power the led strings using atmel's adaptive sourcepower? technology. this scheme optimizes power consumption without sacrificing led current accuracy. peak led string currents are set using current sense resistors, and global string current is adjustable with 8-bit control. global string drive pulse width is adjusted with an 8-bit global intensity register, and individual string pulse width is modulated with 12-bit control. the msl2160/1 monitors the led strings for open circuit, short circuit, loss- of-sync, and over-temperature faults, and provide a hardware fault output to notify the mcu. detailed fault status and control are available through the serial interface. additionally, the msl2160/1 includes an on-chip eeprom that allows the power-up defaults to be customized via the serial interface. the msl2160/1 are offered in 9 x 9 x 0.85mm, 64-pin tqfn packages and operate over a -40c to +105c temperature range. applications long life, efficient led backlighting for: ? televisions and desktop monitors ? medical and industrial instrumentation ? automotive audio-visual displays channel signs architectural lighting general description the atmel ? led drivers- msl2160 and msl2161 compact, high-power led string drivers use external current control mosfets to sink up to 350ma per string, with current accuracy and matching better than 1.5%. the msl2160/1 drive 16 parallel strings of leds, and offer fault detection and management of open and short circuit leds. ordering information 16-channel led string drivers part interface package MSL2160DQ spi 64-pin, 9 x 9 x 0.85mm tqfn msl2161dq i 2 c 64-pin, 9 x 9 x 0.85mm tqfn atmel led drivers-msl2160/msl2161 16-string, white and rgb led drivers with adaptive configuration, eeprom, and spi/i 2 c/smbus serial interface
3 atmel led drivers-msl2160/msl2161 key features ? 12-bit pwm string dimming ? fast serial interfaces support up to 8 devices per bus: - msl2161 - 1mhz i 2 c - msl2160 - 20mhz spi ? 8-bit adaptive power correction maximizes efficiency of up to three string power supplies ? external mosfets for high voltage and/or current ? drives up to 16 parallel led strings per device ? supports adaptive, real-time area dimming for highest dynamic range in lcd tvs and monitors ? programmable string phase reduces motion blur and improves efficiency ? global intensity control via serial interface ? 1.5% current accuracy and current balance ? flexible video frame (vsync) and line (hsync) sync include frequency multipliers and dividers ? second set of pwm registers select alternate brightness and timing with single control ? eeprom saves power-on default settings ? led open circuit and short circuit fault detection ? individual fault detection enable for each string ? over-temperature shut-off protection ? broadcast write simplifies configuration ? -40c to +105c operating temperature range application circuit atmel led drivers-msl2160/msl2161 16-string, white and rgb led drivers with adaptive configuration, eeprom, and spi/i 2 c/smbus serial interface
4 atmel led drivers-msl2160/msl2161 atmel led drivers-msl2160/61 overview the msl2160/1 led string controllers drive, monitor, and dim multiple leds at high efficiency for lcd backlighting and signage applications. this section summarizes the capabilities of the msl2160/1 for quick evaluation. how many leds and drivers? the msl2160/1 controls 16 strings of series- connected leds at up to 350ma per string. up to eight msl2160/1s share a serial interface. the maximum number of leds per string is determined by the maximum power supply voltage, the led forward voltage drop (v f ), and the gate drive outputs of the msl2160/1. the msl2160/1 fet gate drive outputs are optimized for fets requiring up to 10nc of charge. leds, string power supplies and efficiency optimizers (eos) the msl2160/1 efficiency optimizer (eo) circuits dynamically adjust up to three led string power supplies to the minimum voltage necessary to accurately drive the led strings while assuring accurate current flow. the power supplies can use any topology, and are typically dc-dc boost or buck, or ac-dc off-line switcher supplies. the msl2160/1 allows rgb leds to be driven by three separate string supplies, and feature three independent eo outputs to maximize the efficiency for each supply. although not required, it is wise to use this capability even for single-color systems, such as white backlighting leds in an lcd monitor or tv application. timing, pwm, intensity controls and synchronization for video applications, the pwm led drive signals synchronize to the lcds video frame timing via the phi input, and to the lcds pixel timing via the gsc input. this synchronization eliminates beating artifacts. suitability for led backlight architectures is shown in table 1. area led dimming for direct backlighting is supported for contrast and color gamut improvement. motion blur is reduced by setting each led strings pwm phasing individually to synchronize pwm off times with the lcd timing. the msl2160/1 also includes easily controlled internal pwm timing generation for stand alone (non-video) led lighting applications that do not provide external timing sources. one msl2160/1 simply generates pwm timing for itself and for the other devices in a multiple-device application. optionally, a single external pwm signal applied to the pwm input controls all of the strings on times, with automatic progressive phase delay available through a single control bit. backlight type motion blur removal area dimming management string supply options white led - bottom edge-lit no no up to three effciency optimized power supplies white led - top/bottom edge-lit no no white led - four sides edge-lit no no white led - direct back-lit yes, led string phasing higher contrast ratio (area dimming) rgb led - direct back-lit yes, led string phasing higher contrast ratio and color gamut three effciency optimized power supplies table 1. led common backlight drive architectures and features
5 atmel led drivers-msl2160/msl2161 table 2. timing and led intensity control capability led intensity control resolution global led string current adjust 8-bits dac reduces string current globally from maximum set by global resistor global led string pwm 8-bit global pwm control individual led string pwm 12-bit pwm individual string control total led string pwm control 12-bit led string pwms, computed from global and individual pwm settings figure 1. atmel led driver-msl2161 pin-out, 64-pin tqfn. package pin-out figure 2. atmel led driver-msl2160 pin-out, 64-pin tqfn. s 4 d 3 g 3 s 3 d 2 g 2 s 2 d 1 g 1 s 1 d 0 g 0 s 0 vdd v i n e n 6 4 6 3 6 2 6 1 6 0 5 9 5 8 5 7 5 6 5 5 5 4 5 3 5 2 5 1 5 0 4 9 g 4 1 4 8 p w m d 4 2 4 7 g s c s 5 3 4 6 phi g 5 4 4 5 vcc d 5 5 4 4 d 1 5 s 6 6 4 3 g 1 5 g 6 7 4 2 s 1 5 d 6 8 4 1 d 1 4 s 7 9 4 0 g 1 5 g 7 1 0 3 9 s 1 4 d 7 1 1 3 8 d 1 3 n c 1 2 3 7 g 1 3 sda 1 3 3 6 s 1 3 scl 1 4 3 5 d 1 2 g n d 1 5 3 4 g 1 2 f l t b 1 6 msl 216 1 3 3 s 1 2 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 3 0 3 1 3 2 addr fbo 3 fbo 2 fbo 1 s 8 g 8 d 8 s 9 g 9 d 9 s 1 0 g 1 0 d 1 0 s 1 1 g 1 1 d 1 1 s 4 d 3 g 3 s 3 d 2 g 2 s 2 d 1 g 1 s 1 d 0 g 0 s 0 vdd v i n e n 6 4 6 3 6 2 6 1 6 0 5 9 5 8 5 7 5 6 5 5 5 4 5 3 5 2 5 1 5 0 4 9 g 4 1 4 8 p w m d 4 2 4 7 g s c s 5 3 4 6 phi g 5 4 4 5 vcc d 5 5 4 4 d 1 5 s 6 6 4 3 g 1 5 g 6 7 4 2 s 1 5 d 6 8 4 1 d 1 4 s 7 9 4 0 g 1 5 g 7 1 0 3 9 s 1 4 d 7 1 1 3 8 d 1 3 m i s o 1 2 3 7 g 1 3 mos i 1 3 3 6 s 1 3 sck 1 4 3 5 d 1 2 csb 1 5 3 4 g 1 2 f l t b 1 6 msl 216 0 3 3 s 1 2 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 3 0 3 1 3 2 addr fbo 3 fbo 2 fbo 1 s 8 g 8 d 8 s 9 g 9 d 9 s 1 0 g 1 0 d 1 0 s 1 1 g 1 1 d 1 1 atmel led drivers-msl2160/msl2161 16-string, white and rgb led drivers with adaptive configuration, eeprom, and spi/i 2 c/smbus serial interface
6 atmel led drivers-msl2160/msl2161 figure 3. package dimensions: 64-pin, 9mm x 9mm x 0.85mm tqfn (0.5mm pin pitch) with exposed pad.
7 atmel led drivers-msl2160/msl2161 atmel led drivers-msl2160/msl2161 16-string, white and rgb led drivers with adaptive configuration, eeprom, and spi/i 2 c/smbus serial interface
8 atmel led drivers-msl2160/msl2161 package pin descriptions table 3. pin assignments pin pin name pin description msl2161 msl2160 1 g4 g4 gate output 4 gate drive output for external mosfet 4. connect g4 to the gate of the external mosfet driving led string 4. if unused, leave g4 unconnected. 2 d4 d4 drain sense input 4 drain sense input for external mosfet 4. connect d4 through a 10m? resistor to the drain of the external mosfet driving led string 4. if unused, connect d4 to ground. 3 s5 s5 source sense input 5 source sense input for external mosfet 5. connect s5 to the source of the external mosfet and to the current sense resistor for led string 5. the full-scale led current threshold is reached when 500mv is a cross the current sense resistor. if unused, connect s5 to ground. 4 g5 g5 gate output 5 gate drive output for external mosfet 5. connect g5 to the gate of the external mosfet driving led string 5. if unused, leave g5 unconnected. 5 d5 d5 drain sense input 5 drain sense input for external mosfet 5. connect d5 through a 10m? resistor to the drain of the external mosfet driving led string 5. if unused, connect d5 to ground. 6 s6 s6 source sense input 6 source sense input for external mosfet 6. connect s6 to the source of the external mosfet and to the current sense resistor for led string 6. the full-scale led current threshold is reached when 500mv is a cross the current sense resistor. if unused, connect s6 to ground. 7 g6 g6 gate output 6 gate drive output for external mosfet 6. connect g6 to the gate of the external mosfet driving led string 6. if unused, leave g6 unconnected. 8 d6 d6 drain sense input 6 drain sense input for external mosfet 6. connect d6 through a 10m? resistor to the drain of the external mosfet driving led string 6. if unused, connect d6 to ground. 9 s7 s7 source sense input 7 source sense input for external mosfet 7. connect s7 to the source of the external mosfet and to the current sense resistor for led string 7. the full-scale led current threshold is reached when 500mv is a cross the current sense resistor. if unused, connect s7 to ground. 10 g7 g7 gate output 7 gate drive output for external mosfet 7. connect g7 to the gate of the external mosfet driving led string 7. if unused, leave g7 unconnected.
9 atmel led drivers-msl2160/msl2161 pin pin name pin description msl2161 msl2160 11 d7 d7 drain sense input 7 drain sense input for external mosfet 7. connect d7 through a 10m? resistor to the drain of the external mosfet driving led string 7. if unused, connect d7 to ground. 12 nc miso msl2161: no connect make no connection to nc. msl2160: master input slave output miso is the spi serial data output. 13 sda mosi msl2161: i2c serial data i/o sda is the data i/o for the i2c serial interface. msl2160: master output slave input mosi is the spi serial data input. 14 scl sck msl2161: i2c serial clock input scl is the clock input for the i2c serial interface. msl2160: spi serial shift clock sck is the clock input for the spi bus. 15 gnd csb msl2161: ground connect gnd to system ground and to ep with short, wide traces. msl2160: chip select bar csb is the chip select input for spi transactions. csb is activ e low. 16 fltb fltb fault indication output (active low) open drain output fltb sinks current to gnd whenever a fault is detected and verifed. fltb remains low until the fault registers are read, and reasserts if the fault persists. 17 addr addr slave id selection inputs connect addr to gnd through a resistor to set the device address for the serial interface. 18 fbo3 fbo3 effciency optimizer output 3 connect fbo3 to the third power supplys feedback node. connect fbo3 to gnd if unused. 19 fbo2 fbo2 effciency optimizer output 2 connect fbo2 to the second power supplys feedback node. connect fbo2 to gnd if unused. 20 fbo1 fbo1 effciency optimizer output 1 connect fbo1 to the frst power supplys feedback node. connect fbo1 to gnd if unused. 21 s8 s8 source sense input 8 source sense input for external mosfet 8. connect s8 to the source of the external mosfet and to the current sense resistor for led string 8. the full-scale led current threshold is reached when 500mv is a cross the current sense resistor. if unused, connect s8 to ground. 22 g8 g8 gate output 8 gate drive output for external mosfet 8. connect g8 to the gate of the external mosfet driving led string 8. if unused, leave g8 unconnected. 23 d8 d8 drain sense input 8 drain sense input for external mosfet 8. connect d8 through a 10m? resistor to the drain of the external mosfet driving led string 8. if unused, connect d8 to ground. atmel led drivers-msl2160/msl2161 16-string, white and rgb led drivers with adaptive configuration, eeprom, and spi/i 2 c/smbus serial interface
10 atmel led drivers-msl2160/msl2161 table 3. pin assignments pin pin name pin description msl2161 msl2160 24 s9 s9 source sense input 9 source sense input for external mosfet 9. connect s9 to the source of the external mosfet and to the current sense resistor for led string 9. the full-scale led current threshold is reached when 500mv is a cross the current sense resistor. if unused, connect s9 to ground. 25 g9 g9 gate output 9 gate drive output for external mosfet 9. connect g9 to the gate of the external mosfet driving led string 9. if unused, leave g9 unconnected. 26 d9 d9 drain sense input 9 drain sense input for external mosfet 9. connect d9 through a 10m? resistor to the drain of the external mosfet driving led string 9. if unused, connect d9 to ground. 27 s10 s10 source sense input 10 source sense input for external mosfet 10. connect s10 to the source of the external mosfet and to the current sense resistor for led string 10. the full-scale led current threshold is reached when 500mv is a cross the current sense resistor. if unused, connect s10 to ground. 28 g10 g10 gate output 10 gate drive output for external mosfet 10. connect g10 to the gate of the external mosfet driving led string 10. if unused, leave g10 unconnected. 29 d10 d10 drain sense input 10 drain sense input for external mosfet 10. connect d10 through a 10m? resistor to the drain of the externa l mosfet driving led string 10. if unused, connect d10 to ground. 30 s11 s11 source sense input 11 source sense input for external mosfet 11. connect s11 to the source of the external mosfet and to the current sense resistor for led string 11. the full-scale led current threshold is reached when 500mv is a cross the current sense resistor. if unused, connect s11 to ground. 31 g11 g11 gate output 11 gate drive output for external mosfet 11. connect g11 to the gate of the external mosfet driving led string 11. if unused, leave g11 unconnected. 32 d11 d11 drain sense input 11 drain sense input for external mosfet 11. connect d11 through a 10m? resistor to the drain of the external mosfet driving led string 11. if unused, connect d11 to ground. 33 s12 s12 source sense input 12 source sense input for external mosfet 12. connect s12 to the source of the external mosfet and to the current sense resistor for led string 12. the full-scale led current threshold is reached when 500mv is a cross the current sense resistor. if unused, connect s12 to ground. 34 g12 g12 gate output 12 gate drive output for external mosfet 12. connect g12 to the gate of the external mosfet driving led string 12. if unused, leave g12 unconnected.
11 atmel led drivers-msl2160/msl2161 pin pin name pin description msl2161 msl2160 35 d12 d12 drain sense input 12 drain sense input for external mosfet 12. connect d12 through a 10m? resistor to the drain of the externa l mosfet driving led string 12. if unused, connect d12 to ground. 36 s13 s13 source sense input 13 source sense input for external mosfet 13. connect s13 to the source of the external mosfet and to the current sense resistor for led string 13. the full-scale led current threshold is reached when 500mv is a cross the current sense resistor. if unused, connect s13 to ground. 37 g13 g13 gate output 13 gate drive output for external mosfet 13. connect g13 to the gate of the external mosfet driving led string 13. if unused, leave g13 unconnected. 38 d13 d13 drain sense input 13 drain sense input for external mosfet 13. connect d13 through a 10m? resistor to the drain of the externa l mosfet driving led string 13. if unused, connect d13 to ground. 39 s14 s14 source sense input 14 source sense input for external mosfet 14. connect s14 to the source of the external mosfet and to the current sense resistor for led string 14. the full-scale led current threshold is reached when 500mv is a cross the current sense resistor. if unused, connect s14 to ground. 40 g14 g14 gate output 14 gate drive output for external mosfet 14. connect g14 to the gate of the external mosfet driving led string 14. if unused, leave g14 unconnected. 41 d14 d14 drain sense input 14 drain sense input for external mosfet 14. connect d14 through a 10m? resistor to the drain of the externa l mosfet driving led string 14. if unused, connect d14 to ground. 42 s15 s15 source sense input 15 source sense input for external mosfet 15. connect s15 to the source of the external mosfet and to the current sense resistor for led string 15. the full-scale led current threshold is reached when 500mv is a cross the current sense resistor. if unused, connect s15 to ground. 43 g15 g15 gate output 15 gate drive output for external mosfet 15. connect g15 to the gate of the external mosfet driving led string 15. if unused, leave g15 unconnected. 44 d15 d15 drain sense input 15 drain sense input for external mosfet 15. connect d15 through a 10m? resistor to the drain of the externa l mosfet driving led string 15. if unused, connect d15 to ground. 45 vcc vcc 5v internal ldo regulator output vcc powers the fbo outputs. bypass vcc to gnd with a 4.7f ceramic capacitor placed close t o vcc. atmel led drivers-msl2160/msl2161 16-string, white and rgb led drivers with adaptive configuration, eeprom, and spi/i 2 c/smbus serial interface
12 atmel led drivers-msl2160/msl2161 table 3. pin assignments pin pin name pin description msl2161 msl2160 46 phi phi phase synchronization input drive phi with an external signal from 40hz to 10khz to synchro nize the msl2160/1 clock. phi is typically driven with the vsync signal. 47 gsc gsc gate shift clock input drive gsc with the gate shift clock of the video signal, from t o mhz. gsc is typically driven with the hsync signal. 48 pwm pwm pwm input pwm allows external control of the brightness of all led strings. drive pwm with a pulse-width modulated signal with duty cycle ranging from 0% to 100% and frequency up to 5khz. when not confgured as an input, pwm is high impedance. 49 en en enable input (active high) drive en high to turn on the msl2160/1, drive en low to turn off the msl2160/1. for automatic start up, connect en to vin. when en is low the entire device, including the serial interface, is turned of f. driving en high initiates a boot load of the eeprom data into the control registers, simulating a cold start up. 50 vin vin supply voltage input connect a 12v 10% supply to vin. bypass vin to gnd with a 10f ceramic capacitor placed close to vin. 51 vdd vdd 2.5v internal ldo regulator output vdd powers internal logic. bypass vdd to gnd with a 4.7f ceramic capacitor placed close t o vdd. 52 s0 s0 source sense input 0 source sense input for external mosfet 0. connect s0 to the source of the external mosfet and to the current sense resistor for led string 0. the full-scale led current threshold is reached when 500mv is a cross the current sense resistor. if unused, connect s0 to ground. 53 g0 g0 gate output 0 gate drive output for external mosfet 0. connect g0 to the gate of the external mosfet driving led string 0. if unused, leave g0 unconnected. 54 d0 d0 drain sense input 0 drain sense input for external mosfet 0. connect d0 through a 10m? resistor to the drain of the external mosfet driving led string 0. if unused, connect d0 to ground. 55 s1 s1 source sense input 1 source sense input for external mosfet 1. connect s1 to the source of the external mosfet and to the current sense resistor for led string 1. the full-scale led current threshold is reached when 500mv is a cross the current sense resistor. if unused, connect s1 to ground. 56 g1 g1 gate output 1 gate drive output for external mosfet 1. connect g1 to the gate of the external mosfet driving led string 1. if unused, leave g1 unconnected.
13 atmel led drivers-msl2160/msl2161 pin pin name pin description msl2161 msl2160 57 d1 d1 drain sense input 1 drain sense input for external mosfet 1. connect d1 through a 10m? resistor to the drain of the external mosfet driving led string 1. if unused, connect d1 to ground. 58 s2 s2 source sense input 2 source sense input for external mosfet 2. connect s2 to the source of the external mosfet and to the current sense resistor for led string 2. the full-scale led current threshold is reached when 500mv is a cross the current sense resistor. if unused, connect s2 to ground. 59 g2 g2 gate output 2 gate drive output for external mosfet 2. connect g2 to the gate of the external mosfet driving led string 2. if unused, leave g2 unconnected. 60 d2 d2 drain sense input 2 drain sense input for external mosfet 2. connect d2 through a 10m? resistor to the drain of the external mosfet driving led string 2. if unused, connect d2 to ground. 61 s3 s3 source sense input 3 source sense input for external mosfet 3. connect s3 to the source of the external mosfet and to the current sense resistor for led string 3. the full-scale led current threshold is reached when 500mv is a cross the current sense resistor. if unused, connect s3 to ground. 62 g3 g3 gate output 3 gate drive output for external mosfet 3. connect g3 to the gate of the external mosfet driving led string 3. if unused, leave g3 unconnected. 63 d3 d3 drain sense input 3 drain sense input for external mosfet 3. connect d3 through a 10m? resistor to the drain of the external mosfet driving led string 3. if unused, connect d3 to ground. 64 s4 s4 source sense input 4 source sense input for external mosfet 4. connect s4 to the source of the external mosfet and to the current sense resistor for led string 4. the full-scale led current threshold is reached when 500mv is a cross the current sense resistor. if unused, connect s4 to ground. ep ep ep exposed pad, power ground ep is the thermal relief pad for the device. connect ep to system ground and gnd using short, wide traces. atmel led drivers-msl2160/msl2161 16-string, white and rgb led drivers with adaptive configuration, eeprom, and spi/i 2 c/smbus serial interface
14 atmel led drivers-msl2160/msl2161 absolute maximum ratings voltage (with respect to gnd) vin, en, d0 - d15 ............................................................................................................................................................ -0.3v to +16v g0 - g15 .............................................................................................................................................................. -0.3v to (vin + 0.3v) vdd ....................................... ..................................................................................................................................................... -0.3v to +2.75v addr, s0 - s15 ............................................................................................................................................ -0.3v to (vdd + 0.3v) fltb, sda, scl, sck ..................................................................................................................................................... -0.3v to +5.5v fbo1, fbo2, fbo3, phi, gsc, pwm, mosi, miso, csb ......................................... -0.3v to (vcc + 0.3v) vcc ........................................ ............................................................................................................................................................. -0.3v to +6v ep ........................................ ............................................................................................................................................................. -0.3v to +0.3v current (into pin) vin ....................................... ............................................................................................................................................................................ 500ma fbo1, fbo2, fbo3 .................................................................................................................................................... +0a to -800a g0 - g15 ........................................ ......................................................................................................................................................... 100ma all other pins........................................ ..................................................................................................................................................... 20ma continuous power dissipation 64-pin 9mm x 9mm qfn (derate 38mw/c above t a = +70c) ................................................. 2100mw ambient operating temperature range t a = t min to t max .......................................... -40c to +105c junction temperature ............................................................................................................................................................... +125c storage temperature range ........................................................................................................................ -65c to +125c lead soldering temperature, 10s .................................................................................................................................. +300c
15 atmel led drivers-msl2160/msl2161 electrical characteristics typical application circuit, v vin = 12v, t a = t min to t max , unless otherwise noted. typical values are t a = +25c parameter symbol conditions and notes min typ max unit dc electrical characteristics vin operating supply voltage 10.8 12 13.2 v vin operating supply current all led strings on 50% duty cycle 15 30 ma all led strings on 100% duty cycle 30 70 vin shutdown supply current en = gnd 500 a vin sleep supply current sleep = 1, sda, scl, addr, pwm, phi and gsc at gnd or vdd 2.75 ma vcc regulation voltage 4.5 5.0 5.5 v vdd regulation voltage 2.4 2.5 2.6 v en input high voltage 1.8 v en input low voltage 0.9 v pwm, phi, gsc, input high voltage 0.7 x v vdd v pwm, phi, gsc, input low voltage 0.3 x v vdd v phi, gsc output high voltage i source = 5ma v vdd C 0.4 phi, gsc, fltb output low voltage i sink = 6ma 0.4 v fbo1 - fbo3 feedback output current fbon dac = 0xff, v fbon = 0 208 306 360 a fbo1 - fbo3 feedback output current step incrstep[0:1] = 00, decrstep[0:1] = 00 1.2 a d0 - d15 short circuit fault detection threshold 8 v g0 - g15 open circuit fault detection threshold 8 v g0 - g15 maximum gate drive current 0.7 ma g0 - g15 maximum gate drive voltage v vin C 2.5 v s0 - s15 regulation voltage istr = 0xff 475 500 525 mv s0 - s15 voltage accuracy istr = 0x7f, t a = +25c -1.5 +1.5 % istr = 0x7f -4 +4 s0 - s15 regulation voltage matching istr = 0x7f, t a = +25c, 1 st string to all others -0.5 +0.5 % istr = 0x7f, string to average of all strings -1.5 +1.5 thermal shutdown temperature temperature rising, hysteresis = 15c (note 1) 135 c atmel led drivers-msl2160/msl2161 16-string, white and rgb led drivers with adaptive configuration, eeprom, and spi/i 2 c/smbus serial interface
16 atmel led drivers-msl2160/msl2161 parameter symbol conditions and notes min typ max unit spi logic levels, msl2160 mosi, sck, csb input high voltage 0.7 x v vdd v mosi, sck, csb input low voltage 0.3 x v vdd v miso output high voltage i source = 5ma v vcc C 0.4 v miso output low voltage i sink = 6ma 0.4 v parameter symbol conditions and notes min typ max unit i 2 c logic levels, msl2161 sda, scl input high voltage 0.7 x v vdd v sda, scl input low voltage 0.3 x v vdd v sda output low voltage i sink = 6ma 0.4 v parameter symbol conditions and notes min typ max unit ac electrical characteristics internal oscillator frequency f osc oscfreq = 0x04, t a = 25c 19.4 20 20.6 mhz phi frequency f phi 0.04 10 khz gsc frequency gscmul = 0, gscdiv = 0 (note 9) f phi 2.5 mhz pwm frequency extalten = 0 (note 1) 5 khz extalten = 1 (note 1) 1 pwm duty cycle (note 1, note 9) 0 100 % parameter symbol conditions and notes min typ max unit spi timing characteristics, msl2160 sck frequency 20 mhz csb to rising edge of sck setup time t csb:sck(su) 20 ns rising edge of sck to csb hold time t csb:sck(hd) 20 ns mosi to rising edge of sck setup time t mosi(su) 20 ns rising edge of sck to mosi hold time t mosi(hd) 20 ns csb falling edge to miso data valid t csb:miso(dv) 50 ns csb rising edge to miso high impedance t csb:miso(hiz) (note 1) 50 ns
17 atmel led drivers-msl2160/msl2161 parameter symbol conditions and notes min typ max unit sck falling edge to miso data valid t valid (note 1) 20 ns sck high time 20 ns sck low time 20 ns mosi, csb, sck signal rise time t r(spi) receiving (note 6) 5.0 ns mosi, csb, sck signal fall time t f(spi) receiving (note 6) 5.0 ns miso signal rise time c load = 10pf (note 6) 20 ns miso signal fall time c load = 10pf (note 6) 20 ns parameter symbol conditions and notes min typ max unit i2c timing characteristics, msl2161 scl clock frequency 1/t scl i2ctoen = 0 (note 2) 0 1 mhz bus timeout period t timeout f osc = 20mhz, t a = 25c 29 30 31 ms f osc = 16mhz to 23mhz 600,000 / f osc s stop to start condition bus free time t buf 0.5 s repeated start condition hold time t hd:sta 0.26 s repeated start condition setup time t su:sta 0.26 s stop condition setup time t su:stop 0.26 s sda data hold time t hd:dat 0 ns sda data valid acknowledge time t vd:ack (note 3) 0.05 0.45 s sda data valid time t vd:dat (note 4) 0.05 0.45 s sda data set-up time t su:dat 100 ns scl clock low period t low 0.5 s scl clock high period t high 0.26 s sda, scl fall time t f (note 1, note 5, note 6) 120 ns sda, scl rise time t r 120 ns sda, scl input suppression filter period t sp (note 2, note 7) 50 ns note 1. guaranteed by design, not production tested. note 2. minimum scl clock frequency is limited by the bus timeout feature, which resets the serial bus interface if either sda or scl is held low for time-out. disable bus timeout via the fault enable register 0x03[d6]. note 3. t vd:ack = scl low to sda (out) low acknowledge time. note 4. t vd:dat = minimum sda output data-valid time following scl low transition. note 5. a master device must internally provide an sda hold time of at least 300ns to ensure an scl low state. note 6. the maximum sda, scl and mosi rise times are 300ns. this allows series protection resistors to be connected between these inputs and the bus lines without exceeding the maximum allowable rise time. the maximum sda and miso fall time is 250ns. note 7. the msl2161 includes input filters on sda, scl and addr inputs that suppress noise less than 50ns. note 8. the gsc input frequency multiplied by (gscmul + 1) should not exceed 2.5mhz. note 9. when pwmdirect = 1 and phdlyen = 1 (external pwm with auto phase shift enabled), pwm duty cycles at 0% and 100% are guaranteed, other duty cycles require minimum on or off time of one full internal oscillator clock cycle and frequency greater than (f osc /10 6 )hz. atmel led drivers-msl2160/msl2161 16-string, white and rgb led drivers with adaptive configuration, eeprom, and spi/i 2 c/smbus serial interface
18 atmel led drivers-msl2160/msl2161 typical application circuit figure 4. atmel led driver-msl2161 driving 160 white leds in 16 strings
19 atmel led drivers-msl2160/msl2161 the msl2160 and msl2161 are highly integrated, flexible, multi-string led drivers that use external mosfets to allow high led string currents, and include power supply control to maximize efficiency. the drivers optionally connect to a video subsystem to offer a simple architecture for use in lcd tv backlight applications. up to eight devices can be cascaded together to drive large numbers of led strings in a system. the drivers provide multiple methods of controlling led brightness through both peak current control and pulse width control of the string drive signals. peak current control offers excellent color consistency, while pulse width control allows brightness management. an on-chip eeprom holds all the default control register values. at power-up, the data in the eeprom are automatically copied directly to the control registers, setting up the device for operation. the factory programmed eeprom values can be changed through the serial interface if a different power- up condition is desired. the devices interface to an mcu via i 2 c (msl2161) or spi (msl2160). the robust 1mhz i 2 c interface supports up to eight devices on the bus. the 20mhz, bus-addressable spi bus supports up to eight devices per chip select line. while typically the led drive pwm signal is internally generated, both drivers also accept an external direct pwm drive signal applied to the pwm input that sets the pwm duty and the frequency of the leds drive signal. both devices also feature phase spreading when external pwm direct drive is used. with phase spreading enabled, a progressive 1/16 phase delay per string helps reduce both the transient load on the led power supplies and the power supply input capacitor size requirements. the pwm frequency of the drivers is either synchronized to an external signal applied to phi, generated from the internal oscillator for standalone applications, or set directly by a signal at the pwm input. typically the vsync signal from the video system is used for the phi input. a frequency multiplier (1x to 32x) processes this signal for use by the pwm engine. the on time of each string is individually programmed via the device registers, providing a peak resolution of 12 bits when using the on- chip pwm generator. the actual resolution of the pwm frequency depends on the ratio of the gsc frequency (typically provided by a systems hsync signal, but can be internally generated) to the phi frequency because the on time of a string is programmed as a 12-bit count of the number of gsc clock cycles. this count can be further scaled by an 8-bit global intensity value, when enabled. the gsc clock is also used to precisely set each strings phase delay so that it is synchronized to its physical position relative to the video frame. the efficiency optimizers control a wide range of different external dc-dc and ac-dc converter architectures. multiple drivers in a system communicate in real time among themselves to select an optimized operating voltage for the leds. this allows design of the power supply for the worst case forward voltage (v f ) of the leds without concern about excessive power dissipation issues. during the start-up sequence, the msl2160/1 automatically reduces the power supply voltage to the minimum voltage required to keep the leds in current regulation. the devices can be configured to periodically perform this optimization to compensate for changes in led forward voltage, and to assure continued optimum power savings. detailed description atmel led drivers-msl2160/msl2161 16-string, white and rgb led drivers with adaptive configuration, eeprom, and spi/i 2 c/smbus serial interface
20 atmel led drivers-msl2160/msl2161 figure 5. fbon connects to the power supply voltage divider through a diode. led s i r 5 . 0 = , where i led is in amperes and r s is in ohms. for example, a full-scale led current of 100ma returns r s = 5 ? . the current for all led strings is reduced from the full-scale value with 8-bit resolution using istr, the string current control register 0x31. internal regulators and enable input the msl2160/1 includes two internal linear regulators that provide vcc (5v) and vdd (2.5v) for internal circuitry. vin (12v nominal) supplies the vcc and vdd regulators. bypass vin to gnd with a 10f capacitor close to the device. bypass vcc to gnd with a 4.7f capacitor close to the device. bypass vdd to gnd with a 4.7f capacitor close to the device. the msl2160/1 enables input, en, enables the device. drive en low to enter low power operation, which lowers quiescent current draw to less than 20a. with en low, the serial interface is ignored, the efficiency optimizer is disabled, and all strings are turned off. drive en high to turn on the device. when en is driven high, the contents of the eeprom are boot loaded into the control registers, simulating a cold start up, and all bits in the fault registers are cleared to 0. setting the maximum led string current with a source resistor the maximum string current, i ledn , for each string is set by a shunt resistor connected to ground from the source terminal of the string drive mosfet. the feedback threshold is 500mv. determine the resistor value using:
21 atmel led drivers-msl2160/msl2161 the msl2160/1 are designed to control external led string power supplies that use voltage dividers (r top and r bottom in figure 5) to set the output voltage, and whose regulation feedback voltage is not more than 3.5v. the efficiency optimizer improves power efficiency by injecting a current of between 0 and 255a into the voltage dividers of the external power supplies, dynamically adjusting their outputs to the minimum voltage required by the led strings. to select the resistors, first determine v out(min) and v out(max) , the minimum and maximum string supply voltage limits, using: [ ] ( ) 5 . 0 # ) ( ) ( + ? = ofleds v v min f min out and [ ] ( ) 5 . 0 # ) ( ) ( + ? = ofleds v v max f max out , where v f(min) and v f(max) are the led minimum and maximum forward voltage drops at the peak current set by r s (page 12). for example, if the led data are v f(min) = 3.5v and v f(max) = 3.8v, and ten leds are used in a string, then the total minimum and maximum voltage drops across a string are 35v and 38v, respectively. adding an allowance of 0.5v for the string drive mosfet headroom brings v out(min) to 35.5v and v out(max) to 38.5v. then, determine r top using: ) ( ) ( ) ( max fbon min out max out top i v v r ? = , where i fbon(max) is the 255 a maximum output current of the efficiency optimizer outputs fbon. finally, determine r bottom using: fb max out fb top bottom v v v r r ? ? = ) ( , where v fb is the regulation feedback voltage of the power supply. place a diode (1n4148 or similar) between fbon and the supplys feedback node to protect the msl2160/1 against current flow into fbon. assign all strings powered by a common supply to the proper fbo output using string set registers 0x40 - 0x5f. once configured, determine the change in power supply output voltage in response to a change in fbo output current using: top fbo out r i v ? ? = ? . direct pwm control of the led strings an external pwm signal applied to the pwm input allows direct pwm control over the strings when bits pwmen and pwmdirect (bits d0 and d1 in pwm control register 0x2d) are set to 1. this configuration bypasses phi and gsc, but allows led string phase delay via the phase delay enable bit, phadlyen (bit d0 of register 0x2e). with phase delay enabled, a progressive delay of 1/16 the pwm frame is calculated and applied successively to each string drive signal. the pwm input can also be configured as a gate for the output of the pwm engine using pwm global enable (bit d2 of the pwm control register 0x2d). connecting the efficiency optimizer to an led string power supply and selecting resistors atmel led drivers-msl2160/msl2161 16-string, white and rgb led drivers with adaptive configuration, eeprom, and spi/i 2 c/smbus serial interface
22 atmel led drivers-msl2160/msl2161 register map and the eeprom register map summary control the msl2160/1 using the registers in the range 0x00 - 0xbf (table 4). two additional registers, 0xc0 and 0xc1, allow access to, and programming of, the eeprom. the power-up default values for all control registers are stored within the on-chip eeprom, and any of these eeprom values may be changed through the serial interface. address and register name function register data d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 0x00 stringen0 led string enables str7en str6en str5en str4en str3en str2en str1en str0en 0x01 stringen1 str15en str14en str13en str12en str11en str10en str9en str8en 0x02 config confguration sleep - - - fldbken strscdly[2:0] 0x03 flten fault enable - - i 2 ctoen phimaxfen gscmaxfen strscfen strocfen fboocfen 0x04 fltmask0 string fault mask fen7 fen6 fen5 fen4 fen3 fen2 fen1 fen0 0x05 fltmask1 fen15 fen14 fen13 fen12 fen11 fen10 fen9 fen8 0x06 fltstatus* fault status fltbdrv - - phimaxflt gscmaxflt strscflt strocflt fboocflt 0x07 ocstat0* string open circuit fault status oc7 oc6 oc5 oc4 oc3 oc2 oc1 oc0 0x08 ocstat1* oc15 oc14 oc13 oc12 oc11 oc10 oc9 oc8 0x09 scstat0* string short circuit fault status sc7 sc6 sc5 sc4 sc3 sc2 sc1 sc0 0x0a scstat1* sc15 sc14 sc13 sc12 sc11 sc10 sc9 sc8 0x0b - 0x0e unused 0x0f oscfreq oscillator frequency - - - - - oscfreq[2:0] 0x10 fboctrl0 effciency optimizer control hdrmstep[1:0] recaldly[1:0] settle[1:0] ierrconf[1:0] 0x11 fboctrl1 incrstep[1:0] decrstep[1:0] initpwm acal100 acalen ichkdis 0x12 fboctrl2 - - - - fbo3ocen fbo2ocen fbo1ocen fboen 0x13 fbodac1* effciency optimizer dac readback fbodac1[7:0] 0x14 fbodac2* fbodac2[7:0] 0x15 fbodac3* fbodac3[7:0] 0x16 fbostatus* effciency optimizer status fbo3oc fbo2oc fbo1oc fbo3act fbo2act fbo1act fbocal fboinitcal 0x17- 0x1f unused 0x20 gscctrl gsc processing control gscchk- sel - - - gscmaxen gscpol gscphi- syncen gscinten 0x21 gsccntr internal clock counter for gsc gsccntr[7:0] 0x22 gsccntr[15:8] 0x23 gscmul gsc multiplier - - - gscmul[4:0] 0x24 gscdiv gsc divider gscdiv[7:0] table 4. atmel led drivers-msl2160/1 register map
23 atmel led drivers-msl2160/msl2161 address and register name function register data d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 0x25 gscmax max oscillator cycles between gsc pulses gscmax[7:0] 0x26 gscmax[15:8] 0x27 phictrl phi processing control phichk- sel - - - - phimaxen phipol phiinten 0x28 phicntr internal clock counter for phi phicntr[7:0] 0x29 phicntr[15:8] 0x2a phimul phi multiplier - - - phimul[4:0] 0x2b phimax max gsc cycles between phi pulses phimax[7:0] 0x2c phimax[15:8] 0x2d pwmctrl0 pwm control gint+1en ginten alten ovrflozen ovrfloen pwm- glblen pwmdirect pwmen 0x2e pwmctrl1 - - - - extalten phovr- flozen phovr- floen phadlyen 0x2f gint global pwm scaling gint[7:0] 0x30 altgint alternate global pwm scaling altgint[7:0] 0x31 istr 8-bit global string current scaling istr[7:0] 0x32 pwmstatus* pwm and counter status phimaxerrcnt[2:0] phimax1flt phisigflt gscsigflt phicntrflt gint- mulerr 0x33 phipcntr* phi pulse counter and status phicntr- max - - phipcntr[4:0] 0x34 gscpcntr* gsc pulse counter gscpulsecntr[7:0] 0x35 - - - gscpulsecntr[12:8] 0x36 - 0x3f unused 0x40 str0set phase delay and eo assignment for string 0 phdly0[7:0] 0x41 fboset0[1:0] - - phdly[11:8] 0x5e str15set phase delay and eo assignment for string 15 phdly15[7:0] 0x5f fboset15[1:0] - - phdly[11:8] 0x60 pwm0 pwm setting for string 0 pwm0[7:0] 0x61 - - - - pwm0[11:8] atmel led drivers-msl2160/msl2161 16-string, white and rgb led drivers with adaptive configuration, eeprom, and spi/i 2 c/smbus serial interface
24 atmel led drivers-msl2160/msl2161 * read-only registers address and register name function register data d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 0x7e pwm15 pwm setting for string 14 pwm15[7:0] 0x7f - - - - pwm15[11:8] 0x80 altstr0set alternate phase delay for string 0 altphdly0[7:0] 0x81 - - - - altphdly[11:8] 0x9e altstr15set alternate phase delay for string 15 altphdly15[7:0] 0x9f - - - - altphdly[11:8] 0xa0 altpwm0 alternate pwm setting for string 0 altpwm0[7:0] 0xa1 - - - - altpwm0[11:8] 0xbe altpwm15 alternate pwm setting for string 15 altpwm15[7:0] 0xbf - - - - altpwm15[11:8] 0xc0 e2addr eeprom read/write access - e2addr[6:0] 0xc1 e2ctrlsta e2busy bldact e2err - - rwctrl[2:0]
25 atmel led drivers-msl2160/msl2161 table 5. atmel led drivers-msl2160/1 register power-up defaults register power-up defaults register power-up default values are shown in table 5. register name and address power-up condition registers initialized from eeprom register data d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 hex 0x00 stringen0 all led string drive outputs enabled 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ff 0x01 stringen1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ff 0x02 config string short circuit confrmation delay = 256s string current fold-back enabled device is not asleep 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0d 0x03 flten fbo open circuit fault detect globally enabled string open circuit fault detect globally enabled led short circuit fault detect globally enabled gsc max fault detect globally disabled phi max fault detect globally disabled i 2 c timeout enabled 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 27 0x04 fltmask0 fault detection individually enabled for all strings 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ff 0x05 fltmask1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ff 0x0f oscfreq f osc = 20mhz 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 04 0x10 fboctrl0 current sink error confrmation delay = 2s fbo power supply settling time allowance = 4ms effciency optimizer auto-recalibration delay = 1s effciency optimizer headroom steps = 3 mosfet current sink error detection enabled effciency optimizer auto-recalibration enabled pwm settings used during auto-recalibration pwm settings used during initial calibration effciency optimizer correction step size = 1 lsb (1a) effciency optimizer initial calibration step size = 1 lsb (1a) fbo outputs globally enabled open circuit detection enabled for all three fbo outputs 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 49 0x11 fboctrl1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1a 0x12 fboctrl2 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0f 0x20 gscctrl external signal at gsc is selected for input to the pwm engine gsc not internally synchronized to phi pwm drive synchronized to falling edge of external gsc gsc maximum count fault detect is disabled although disabled, gsc max fault monitors f pgsc 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0x21 gsccntr although disabled, internal gsc frequency f ggen = 20mhz / (80 + 1) = 246khz 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 50 0x22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0x23 gscmul gsc multiplexer output is multiplied by 4 (register setting + 1) 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 03 0x24 gscdiv gsc multiplier output is divided by 1 (register setting + 1) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0x25 gscmax although disabled, gsc max count is set to 174 clock cycles 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 ae 0x26 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 atmel led drivers-msl2160/msl2161 16-string, white and rgb led drivers with adaptive configuration, eeprom, and spi/i 2 c/smbus serial interface
26 atmel led drivers-msl2160/msl2161 register name and address power-up condition registers initialized from eeprom register data d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 hex 0x27 phictrl external signal at phi selected for input to pwm engine pwm engine is synchronized to the falling edge of phi phi maximum count fault detect is disabled although disabled, phi max count monitors f pphi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0x28 phicntr although disabled, internal phi frequency f pgen = 20mhz / (8 * (10416 + 1)) = 240hz 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 b0 0x29 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 28 0x2a phimul phi multiplier = 1 (register setting + 1) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0x2b phimax although disabled, phi maximum count = 4148 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 34 0x2c 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 10 0x2d pwmctrl0 pwm operation enabled individual led string drive pulse widths internally determined pwm input does not gate the output of the pwm engine string on times allowed to extend beyond end of pwm frame string on times allowed to extend into frame zero alternate timing not used global intensity (gint) disabled although disabled, (gint + 1) is provided to the pwm engine string drive phasing enabled delayed string turn on beginning after pwm frame allowed delayed turn on occurring in frame zero allowed alternate timing not selected by pwm input state 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 99 0x2e pwmctrl1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 07 0x2f gint although disabled, global intensity set to (127 + 1) / 256 = 50% (1 added in numerator because bit d7 of 0x2d = 1) 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7f 0x30 altgint although disabled, alternate global intensity set to (95 + 1) / 256 = 37.5% (1 added in numerator because bit d7 of 0x2d = 1) 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 5f 0x31 istr strings current scaled to 50% of r sn setting 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7f 0x40 str0set all strings set to zero phase delay strings assigned as follows: fbo1: all strings fbo2: none fbo3: none 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0x41 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 0x5e str15set 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0x5f 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 0x60 pwm0 all strings have pwm t on = 512 gsc cycles 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0x61 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 02 0x7e pwm15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0x7f 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 02 table 5. atmel led drivers-msl2160/1 register power-up defaults
27 atmel led drivers-msl2160/msl2161 * read-only registers register name and address power-up condition registers initialized from eeprom register data d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 hex 0x80 altstr0set all strings set to zero phase delay 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0x81 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 0x9e altstr15set 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0x9f 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0xa0 altpwm0 all strings set with alternate pwm t on = 512 gsc cycles 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0xa1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 02 0xbe altpwm15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0xbf 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 02 registers with fixed initial values 0xc0 e2addr eeprom 7 bit address = 0x00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0xc1 e2ctrlsta eeprom read/write disabled 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 atmel led drivers-msl2160/msl2161 16-string, white and rgb led drivers with adaptive configuration, eeprom, and spi/i 2 c/smbus serial interface
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